Understand how your local network works
Let’s begin with understanding the approximate structure of your network. Here is a short list of questions to give you the information you need:
What model and version of modem or router do you use to access the internet?
If you know the brand, model and version of your modem or router, you can better understand the features and limitations of your equipment and use it safely. Look for the markings on the device and read the instructions.
What is your modem or router’s IP and account data?
Most modems and routers will have standard account data and IP addresses issued by the internet provider. The settings will define your local network behavior.
How does your network connect to the internet?
You don’t need a complicated map with all the devices and software in your network exchange. It is enough to approximately understand the structure of your network. Note the different types of networking devices in your network. A network with one modem may not operate the same way as a network with a modem and a router, because each device can change internet traffic depending on the settings.
Advice on the safety of your internet environment
Now, if you understand how your home network works, here is some practical advice.
As written above, most modems and routers have default account data to simplify initial setup. However, once the initial setup is complete, it is necessary to change the username and password. This will prevent unauthorized access to your device. Many websites have default settings for a lot of equipment: the list will probably include your device, too. These websites make it very easy to hack your device unless you change the password.
As a rule, software producers correct vulnerabilities relatively frequently, and vulnerabilities only remain in outdated versions. However, timely updates are necessary for software to remain safe.
Of course, this is not about restricting access to several categories of websites, like employers often do with their employees. However, rules like “do not click suspicious links or ads” should be adequate and can help.
If you have Wi-Fi and your guests use the same access point as you their devices become full network members. This means your guests can access the same home network resources as you. Isolating guest users helps prevent unnecessary access to your home network resources. Many home routers have this function; you just need to enable it.
Some routers allow you to remotely access your home computer, which is convenient but makes your network vulnerable to attack. Disabling remote access will prevent those without a direct connection to the router from accessing devices on your local network.
Do not forget to monitor updates on your routers. Sometimes they can be local. Forewarned is forearmed. You can effectively counter only what you know.
